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Rev. cuba. cir ; 58(4): e679, oct.-dic. 2019.
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1126396

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El síndrome de reconstitución inmune se produce debido a un aumento de la inmunocompetencia en pacientes previamente inmunocomprometidos. La situación es frecuente tras iniciar un tratamiento antirretroviral de alta eficacia, en pacientes con infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. En determinados casos, puede conllevar un empeoramiento paradójico de una infección previa. El citomegalovirus, es un germen oportunista que, en el seno de un síndrome de reconstitución inmune, puede dar lugar a perforación intestinal multifocal y peritonitis secundaria de difícil tratamiento. Es más frecuente en pacientes con recuento de linfocitos cooperadores inferior a 50 células/mm3 al iniciar el tratamiento antirretroviral. El objetivo es comunicar dicha situación a través, de un caso clínico para facilitar su sospecha lo más pronto posible, y realizar un tratamiento adecuado. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con virus de inmunideficiencia humana de reciente diagnóstico, en tratamiento con terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia, que acude a urgencias con abdomen agudo secundario a perforación por citomegalovirus. La infección conlleva importante morbimortalidad, siendo imprescindible un diagnóstico temprano e iniciar precozmente el tratamiento antiviral intravenoso, asociado generalmente a tratamiento quirúrgico(AU)


ABSTRACT Immune reconstitution syndrome occurs due to increased immunocompetence in previously immunocompetent patients. The condition is frequent in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection who have started a highly active antiretroviral therapy. In certain cases, the syndrome can lead to a paradoxical worsening of a previous infection. Cytomegalovirus is an opportunistic germ that, during an immune reconstitution syndrome, can lead to multifocal intestinal perforation and secondary peritonitis, in cases that are difficult to treat. The syndrome is more frequent in patients with CD4 lymphocyte count below 50/mm3 at the time of starting antiretroviral treatment. The objective is to communicate this situation through a clinical case presentation in order to facilitate suspicion as soon as possible, and to carry out appropriate treatment. We present the case of a patient with a recently diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus, under treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy, who attended the emergency department with an acute abdomen secondary to perforation due to cytomegalovirus. Infection carries significant morbidity and mortality, and early diagnosis is essential and intravenous antiviral treatment should be started early, generally associated with surgical treatment(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , HIV , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , Cytomegalovirus/pathogenicity , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/epidemiology , Intestinal Perforation/surgery
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